Mahjong: A Chinese Legacy

Mahjong is a tile-based game that originated in China during the Qing Dynasty, likely in the mid-to-late 1800s. Its exact origins are somewhat mysterious, with various theories suggesting it evolved from earlier card or domino games played in Chinese court and society. What is certain is that by the early 20th century, Mahjong had become a beloved pastime across China, associated with family gatherings, social occasions, and celebrations.

The Structure of the Game

Traditional Chinese Mahjong is played by four players. The game uses 144 tiles (in most variations). Each player starts with 13 tiles and takes turns drawing and discarding tiles to form sets. The goal is to complete a legal hand of four sets (like three-of-a-kinds or sequences) and a pair. Mahjong is a mix of luck, memory, and strategy, requiring players to track discards, anticipate opponents’ moves, and calculate scoring.

Mahjong's Cultural Significance

Mahjong holds a deep cultural value in Chinese communities around the world. It’s a symbol of tradition, connection, and mental agility. The game is often played during holidays like Lunar New Year and is a common scene in homes, parks, and tea houses. It's more than a pastime — it’s part of a shared heritage.

Mahjong in the West: The American Version

In the 1920s, Mahjong was introduced to the United States and quickly became a trend. Jewish-American communities, in particular, embraced the game, developing their own version with specific rules and a standardized National Mah Jongg League (NMJL) card.

While American Mahjong is distinct, it pays homage to its Chinese roots and has created a vibrant, intergenerational community of players in its own right.